Pemigatinib Pivotal Cholangiocarcinoma Data Published as FDA Weighs Approval

Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD, a medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD

Findings from the phase II FIGHT-202 study of pemigatinib in patients with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic FGFR2-positive cholangiocarcinoma have been published in the Lancet Oncology as the FDA considers a new-drug application (NDA) for the treatment in this setting.¹

“The antitumor activity of pemigatinib in patients with FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements compares favorably with that reported for other second-line chemotherapy and targeted therapies, as shown by a previous metaanalysis of efficacy data from studies of second-line therapies,” first author Ghassan K Abou-Alfa, MD, a medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and coauthors wrote.

Pemigatinib is a selective inhibitor of FGFR1, 2, and 3. The multicohort, single-arm, FIGHT-202 trial was conducted in the United States, Europe, Middle East, and Asia. Patients who were eligible for enrollment had locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma despite ≥1 line of prior therapy, had their FGF/FGFR status centrally confirmed, and adequate renal function was required.

Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts: those with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements (cohort A; n = 107), those with other FGF/FGFR genetic alterations (cohort B; n = 20), and no FGF/FGFR alterations (cohort C; n = 18). Patients in each of the 3 cohorts were treated with oral pemigatinib (13.5 mg) using a 2-weeks-on/1-week-off schedule.

The study was not designed to make statistical comparisons between the 3 cohorts. The primary endpoint was the confirmed ORR in cohort A by independent central review.

Median age of all 146 patients (1 patient did not have confirmed FGF/FGFR status) who were enrolled was 59 years; however, 77% of patients in cohort A were <65 years, compared with 50% in cohort B, and 39% of patients in cohort C. Overall, 58% of patients were women (61% in cohort A), and 61% of patients were enrolled in North America, 24% in Western Europe, and 15% of patients were enrolled in other geographical areas.

Among the 107 patients in cohort A, 92 fusions and 15 rearrangements identified. A total of 56 unique fusion partners were identified, the most common of which was BICC1, which occurred in 29%. Forty-two partners were unique to a single patient, and no fusion partner was identified in 5% of patients.

Results showed that, in cohort A, the 36% ORR consisted of 3 (2.8%) complete responses, 35 (32.7%) partial responses, and 50 (46.7%) patients with stable disease, for a disease control rate of 82%. The ORR was consistent across subgroups, including when stratified by the number of prior lines of therapy and by FGFR2 rearrangement partner.

Additionally, the higher ORR translated into a longer median progression-free survival (PFS) in cohort A. Median PFS was 6.9 months in cohort A compared with 2.1 months in cohort B and 1.7 months in cohort C.

Overall survival (OS) data were not yet mature at the time of the March 22, 2019, data cutoff. However, with a median duration of follow-up of 15.4 months and a median duration of treatment of 7.2 months, the median OS was 21.1 months in the cohort with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements. Median OS was only 6.7 months in the cohort with other FGF/FGFR alterations after a median follow-up of 19.9 months, and only 4.0 months in the cohort without an FGF/FGFR alteration after a median follow-up of 24.2 months.

Regarding safety, AEs were found to be manageable and consistent with the mechanism of action of pemigatinib. The most common AE was hyperphosphatemia (60%), but no grade ≥3 cases were encountered. Hyperphosphatemia was managed with a low phosphate diet, phosphate binders, diuretics, and a reduction or interruption in the pemigatinib dose. Three patients required dose reductions/interruptions due to hyperphosphatemia.

Any-grade hypophosphatemia occurred in 23% of patients and was the most common grade ≥3 AE, with a rate of 12%. No case of hypophosphatemia was clinically significant and none led to treatment discontinuation or dose reduction. Serous retinal detachment occurred in 4% of patients and usually resolved spontaneously or after dose interruption.

Nine percent of patients discontinued due to AEs; the most frequent causes were intestinal obstruction and acute kidney injury (2 each). Treatment was discontinued due to progressive disease in all patients in cohorts B and C, and in 57 patients in cohort A. Dose reduction due to AEs was required in 14%, with the most common reasons being stomatitis (n = 11), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (n = 5), arthralgia (n = 5), asthenia (n = 2), and onychomadesis (n = 2). Approximately 42% of patients required dose interruptions due to AEs.

“Compared with previous studies of FGFR inhibitors, this study included the largest number of patients with advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, and the results were robust. Pemigatinib is therefore likely to add to the range of available treatments for cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements, especially because existing systemic therapies offer inadequate efficacy,” Tian Yang, MD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, and coauthors wrote in an accompanying editorial.²

“Additionally, combining FGFR inhibitors with chemotherapy or immunotherapy could increase survival benefits in patients with advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, and this approach requires further investigation,” added Yang et al.

Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA will make a decision on the NDA by May 30, 2020. Based on the data from FIGHT-202, a phase III study of pemigatinib compared with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in the first-line setting in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements is ongoing (NCT03656536).

References

1. Abou-Alfa GK, Sahai V, Hollebecque A, et al. Pemigatinib for previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study [published online March 20, 2020]. Lancet Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30109-1
2. Yang T, Liang L, Wang M-D, et al. FGFR inhibitors for advanced cholangiocarcinoma [published online March 20, 2020]. Lancet Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30152-2

The published FIGHT-202 results, on which the NDA were based, showed that, at a median follow-up of 15.4 months, single-agent pemigatinib led to a 36% objective response rate (ORR) and a median duration of response of 7.5 months in a cohort of patients with FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements. Pemigatinib also demonstrated a manageable adverse-event (AE) profile.